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Table 1 Gas generation from marine shales under helium flow at 50°C; gas yields, gas compositions, and Rock Eval data.

From: Low-temperature gas from marine shales

Shale

F

F(Ox)

F

F

F

F

NA

B

Depth (m)

1552

1552

1578

1578*

1578*

1582

1025

6300

Yield

827

230

57

13

10

230

102

0

CH 4

31

10

13

0

0

11

0

0

C 2 H 6

29

32

34

23

11

30

27

0

C 3 H 8

21

30

27

32

29

29

34

0

i -C 4 H 10

3.1

3.5

3.6

5.0

8.9

3.2

3.0

0

n -C 4 H 10

9.2

13

12

19

23

14

18

0

i -C 5 H 12

3.1

4.3

4.1

8.3

12

3.9

4.4

0

n -C 5 H 12

3.4

7.4

6.4

14

17

9.2

14

0

TOC

5.8

5.8

4.4

3.9

3.9

4.4

10.2

9.4

S1

2.1

2.1

2.3

1.5

1.5

1.6

3.4

7.5

S2

10.8

10.8

10.5

8.8

8.8

8.72

32.5

61.1

S3

0.46

0.46

0.39

0.35

0.35

0.29

0.29

2.45

Tmax

449

449

450

449

449

448

445

434

  1. Yield in μg (C1–C5)/g rock was calculated by integration (calibrated by C1–C5 standard mixture). Gas compositions are % vol. TOC is total organic carbon as %; S1 = free hydrocarbons distilled from the rock (300°C) in mg/g rock; S2 = cracked hydrocarbons (350 – 550°C) in mg/g rock; S3 = carboxyl decomposition products (300 – 390°C) in mg CO2/g rock; Tmax is the temperature (°C) of the S2 peak. The Floyd shale (F) is described in Fig. 1. The New Albany shale (NA) (Dev/L Miss., Illinois Basin) is side wall core from a well in Union County, Kentucky (API = 16225974700000; +37.565, -88.076; 1025 m). The Bakken shale (B) is U Dev/L Miss whole core from a well in Stark County, North Dakota (API = 33089004240000; +46.887; -102.882; 6300 m) in the Williston Basin. F(Ox) represents Floyd shale under Oxic Conditions in Fig. 2. The reactions with New Albany, Bakken, and Floyd shale at 1582 m are duplicates of that in Fig. 2, and the reaction with Floyd shale at 1578 m is shown in Fig. 3 (80 min., 50°C). Samples were between 1 and 2 gm with particle sizes (before grinding) generally between 2 and 5 mm except for the duplicate Floyd experiments (1578*) (80 min., 50°C) which used aliquots of a mixture of particle sizes under 2 to 5 mm. The Bakken core had been in storage 15 years, the Floyd cuttings in storage over 3 years, and the New Albany shale in storage 3 years.