Figure 10

Evolution of pH plume from a CO ₂ flux = 10³ t/yr (0.63 t/m²/yr) and 0.3% hydraulic gradient in a developed aquifer with sustained pumping (1893 L/min). CO₂ source is at 170 m depth in an aquifer bounded by relatively impermeable clay layers. Plots show plume details between the CO₂ leak source and sampling well at discrete time steps. The full lateral extent of the plume is shown in Movie 4 (see Additional file 4). The plots are also identified on the pH breakthrough curves in Figure 9c.