Figure 1From: Friction characteristics of Cd-rich carbonate films on calcite surfaces: implications for compositional differentiation at the nanometer scaleSimplified diagram of the photodetector set-up and laser path. The diagram shows the lateral view (a) and front view (b) of the laser path and photodector set up. The original angle formed by the reflected beam on the cantilever (2θ) changes to 2θ' from refraction by the sapphire window (2θ' = 2θ/1.33).Back to article page