Table 10 Comparison of model ore fluids with modern Na–Cl and Na–Ca–Cl basinal brines
Composite ore-brine (this study): log | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | MVT Anderson (1975)c | MVT Giordano and Barnes (1981)d | MVT Sverjensky (1984)e | RBRBM Giordano (1994)f |
T/°C | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
TDS/mg L-1 | 179270 | 179270 | 179270 | 179270 |
∑Cl-/mg L-1 | 97450 | 97450 | 97450 | 97450 |
pH | 6.0 | 7.5 | 4.6 | 6.0 |
∑H2S/mg L-1g | 10-6.3 | 340 | 3.4 | 10-6.3 |
| 10-10.8 | 10-2 | 10-4 | 10-10.8 |
∑SO4/mg L-1h | 960 | 10-2 | 960 | 960 |
| 10-2 | 10-7.2 | 10-2 | 10-2 |
∑monocbx/mg L-1i | 7700 | 7700 | 7700 | 7700 |
∑mmonocbxi | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
∑dicbx/mg L-1j | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
∑mdicbxj | 0.0029 | 0.0029 | 0.0029 | 0.0029 |
∑mCl/∑mcbx | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
∑mmonocbx/∑mdicbx | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
Pb/mg L-1k | 65 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 65 |
Pb/mg L-1rangel | Fig. 2 | Fig. 2 | Fig. 2 | Fig. 2 |
Zn/mg L-1k | 420 | 0.002 | 0.02 | 420 |
Zn/mg L-1rangel | Fig. 3 | Fig. 3 | Fig. 3 | Fig. 3 |
Modern petroleum field brinesb | ||||
Parameter | Low ∑H2S, high trace metal content | Low ∑H2S, low trace metal content | High ∑H2S, low trace metal content | |
T/°C | 50 to 250 | 50 to 250 | 50 to 250 | |
TDS/mg L-1 | 100 000 to 330000 | 20 000 to 330000 | 20 000 to 330000 | |
∑Cl-/mg L-1 | 60000 to 210000 | 12000 to 210000 | 12000 to 210000 | |
pH | 4 to 6.5 | 4 to 8 | 4 to 8 | |
∑H2S/mg L-1g | <0.1 | <1.0 | 1.0 to 1000 | |
| <10-5.5 | <10-4.5 | 10-4.5 to 10-1.4 | |
∑SO4/mg L-1h | 0.1 to 1000 | 0.1 to 1000 | 0.1 to 1000 | |
| 10-6 to 10-2 | 10-6 to 10-2 | 10-6 to 10-2 | |
∑monocbx/mg L-1i | < 1.0 to 300 | < 1.0 to 10000 | < 1.0 to 10000 | |
∑mmonocbx | <10-4.8 to 0.005 | <10-4.8 to ~ 0.15 | <10-4.8 to ~ 0.15 | |
∑dicbx/mg L-1j | <1.0 | < 1.0 to 2600 | < 1.0 to 2600 | |
∑mdicbxj | <10-5 | <10-5 to 0.025 | <10-5 to 0.025 | |
∑mCl/∑mcbx | >340 | 8 to >1000 | 8 to >1000 | |
∑mmonocbx/∑mdicbx | ~ 30 to 300 | >20 | >20 | |
Pb/mg L-1k | 5 to 70 (cluster) | < 1.0 (cluster) | <0.1 (cluster) | |
Pb/mg L-1 rangel | 1 to 111 | BDL to 0.9 | BDL to 0.9 | |
Zn/mg L-1k | 15 to 250 (cluster) | < 1.0 (cluster) | <0.1 (cluster) | |
Zn/mg L-1 rangel | 1 to 575 | BDL to 0.9 | BDL to 0.9 | |
–pH regionsa
- aTable 1 and Fig. 1 through 5. bRittenhouse et al.,[98] Billings et al.,[99] Hitchon et al.,[100,101] Collins,[102] Carpenter et al.,[57] Carpenter and Trout,[103] Kharaka,[104] Kharaka et al.,[79,105,106] Land et al.,[107] Saunders and Swann,[108] Moldovanyi and Walter,[109] Kyle,[110] Lundegard and Kharaka,[78] Hanor,[59,60,61,62,111,112] Land,[113] Polandri and Reed.[114] cpH = 6.0, log
= -50.0 dpH = 7.5, log = -57.0 epH = 4.7, log = -51.8 fpH = 6.0, log = -50.0 gTotal dissolved inorganic sulfide defined as ∑H2S = H2S + HS- (mg L-1) and 
(mol kg-1). hTotal dissolved sulfate defined as the sum of all dissolved sulfate species in mg L-1(
) and as the molal sum of all dissolved sulfate species (∑m SO4) in mol kg -1. iMonocbx = sum of monocarboxylate anions listed in Table 2: ∑monocbx = total dissolved monocbx in mg L-1; ∑mmonocbx = total molality of dissolved monocbx in mol kg-1, jdicbx = sum of dicarbonxylate anions listed in Table 2: ∑dicbx = total dissolved dicbx in mg L-1; ∑mdicbx = total molality of dissolved dicbx in mol kg-1. kFor composite ore-brine; the metal concentration at indicated log –pH conditions. Cluster = most common values observed for modern petroleum field brines. lBDL = below detection limit; less than about 0.01 mg L-1.
(mol kg-1). hTotal dissolved sulfate defined as the sum of all dissolved sulfate species in mg L-1(
) and as the molal sum of all dissolved sulfate species (∑m SO4) in mol kg -1. iMonocbx = sum of monocarboxylate anions listed in Table 2: ∑monocbx = total dissolved monocbx in mg L-1; ∑mmonocbx = total molality of dissolved monocbx in mol kg-1, jdicbx = sum of dicarbonxylate anions listed in Table 2: ∑dicbx = total dissolved dicbx in mg L-1; ∑mdicbx = total molality of dissolved dicbx in mol kg-1. kFor composite ore-brine; the metal concentration at indicated log