Abiotic ammonium formation in the presence of Ni-Fe metals and alloys and its implications for the Hadean nitrogen cycle

Smirnov, Alexander; Hausner, Douglas; Laffers, Richard; Strongin, Daniel R; Schoonen, Martin AA

doi:10.1186/1467-4866-9-5

Table 2 Conditions and results of reduction experiments conducted in this study. All concentrations are in μmol.kg^-1. Values and their errors bigger than 10 are rounded to the nearest whole number, those smaller than 10 are rounded to the nearest tenth.

From: Abiotic ammonium formation in the presence of Ni-Fe metals and alloys and its implications for the Hadean nitrogen cycle

Metal/Alloy	Run	Solution	T°C	pH _pre	pH _post	NH ₄ ⁺	%	NH₄⁺_norm*	NO ₂ ^-**	NO ₃ ^-**
Fe	1	Ar	200	5.7	9.9	171 ± 1	-	340 ± 21	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	2	650 N₂	200	5.8	8.9	187 ± 1	2.5	371 ± 23	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	3	39/617 H₂/N₂	200	5.8	8.4	230 ± 1	10	455 ± 28	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	4	459 KCl in N₂	200	6.2	8.9	267 ± 2	15	529 ± 32	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	5	484 KNO₂ in N₂	200	6.0	9.8	768 ± 1	100	1522 ± 93	0	0
Fe	6	465 KNO₃ in N₂	200	6.2	9.8	760 ± 8	100	1507 ± 92	0	0
Fe	7	485 KNO₂ in Ar	200	6.0	10.2	749	100	1486 ± 91	0	0
Fe	8	477 KNO₃ in Ar	200	6.2	10.3	752 ± 3	100	1491 ± 91	0	0
Ni	9	Ar	200	5.8	8.7	18	-	27 ± 3	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	10	650 N₂	200	5.7	8.3	28	1.5	43 ± 5	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	11	39/617 H₂/N₂	200	5.8	6.3	30	1.8	45 ± 5	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	12	459 KCl in N₂	200	6.2	6.7	20	0.3	30 ± 4	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	13	484 KNO₂ in N₂	200	6.0	9.1	559 ± 8	100	855 ± 102	0	0
Ni	14	465 KNO₃ in N₂	200	6.2	9.0	538 ± 7	100	823 ± 98	0	0
Ni	15	485 KNO₂ in Ar	200	6.0	9.3	544 ± 7	100	833 ± 99	0	0
Ni	16	477 KNO₃ in Ar	200	6.2	9.3	543 ± 4	100	830 ± 99	0	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	17	Ar	200	5.8	8.7	15	-	40 ± 1	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	18	650 N₂	200	5.7	7.9	17	0.3	47 ± 1	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	19	39/617 H₂/N₂	200	5.6	8	17	0.3	45 ± 1	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	20	476 KCl in N₂	200	6.3	7.1	14	0	39 ± 1	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	21	480 KNO₂ in N₂	200	5.9	9.8	418 ± 3	100	1133 ± 29	0	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	22	463 KNO₃ in N₂	200	6.0	9.7	490 ± 2	100	1330 ± 34	0	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	23	474 KNO₂ in Ar	200	6.1	10.3	475 ± 5	100	1289 ± 33	0	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	24	487 KNO₃ in Ar	200	6.0	9.9	476 ± 6	100	1293 ± 33	0	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	25	Ar	200	5.8	8.6	18	-	98 ± 7	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	26	650 N₂	200	5.7	7.9	19	0.2	99 ± 7	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	27	39/617 H₂/N₂	200	5.6	8.3	19	0.2	103 ± 7	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	28	476 KCl in N₂	200	6.3	6.2	18 ± 1	0	96 ± 7	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	29	480 KNO₂ in N₂	200	5.9	9.9	410 ± 6	100	2186 ± 153	0	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	30	463 KNO₃ in N₂	200	6.0	9.8	483 ± 4	100	2576 ± 180	0	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	31	474 KNO₂ in Ar	200	6.1	10.3	485 ± 4	100	2583 ± 180	0	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	32	487 KNO₃ in Ar	200	6.0	9.9	493 ± 3	100	2626 ± 183	0	0
-	33	497 KNO₂	200	6.0	9.4	45	9.1	-	288 ± 2	73 ± 1
-	34	444 KNO₃	200	6.1	6.4	3.6	0.8	-	273 ± 1	129 ± 1
-	35	506 FeCl₂ in N₂	200	4.7	3.3	8.1 ± 0.1	1.2	-	n.a.	n.a.
-	36	492 NiCl₂ in N₂	200	5.3	5.7	8.0 ± 0.3	1.2	-	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	37	Ar	70	5.7	7.6	3.8	-	7.4 ± 0.5	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	38	650 N₂	70	5.8	8.5	3.6	0	7.2 ± 0.4	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	39	492 KNO₂ in O₂	70	6.9	10.1	559 ± 3	100	1107 ± 68	0	0
Fe	40	502 KNO₂ in N₂	70	6.1	9.8	550 ± 3	100	1091 ± 67	0	0
Fe	41	511 KNO₃ in O₂	70	6.7	9.9	558 ± 2	98	1106 ± 68	0	8.8 ± 0.2
Fe	42	486 KNO₃ in N₂	70	6.3	10.1	512 ± 6	98	1015 ± 62	0	9.6 ± 0.2
Ni	43	Ar	70	5.7	7.6	0.9	-	1.4 ± 0.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	44	650 N₂	70	5.8	6.9	0.9	0	1.4 ± 0.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	45	492 KNO₂ in O₂	70	6.9	10.1	528 ± 2	100	807 ± 96	0	0
Ni	46	502 KNO₂ in N₂	70	6.1	9.9	534 ± 3	100	818 ± 97	0	0
Ni	47	511 KNO₃ in O₂	70	6.7	10.2	521 ± 5	100	797 ± 95	0	0
Ni	48	486 KNO₃ in N₂	70	6.3	10.2	534 ± 5	100	817 ± 97	0	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	49	Ar	70	5.7	8.2	0.4	-	1.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	50	650 N₂	70	5.8	8.3	0.4	0	1.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	50	492 KNO₂ in O₂	70	6.9	8.4	22 ± 1	3.9	61 ± 2	473 ± 3	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	51	502 KNO₂ in N₂	70	6.1	8.1	23 ± 1	2.8	62 ± 2	488 ± 2	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	52	511 KNO₃ in O₂	70	6.7	8.0	19 ± 1	8	53 ± 1	0	470 ± 2
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	53	486 KNO₃ in N₂	70	6.3	8.4	28 ± 1	6.2	77 ± 2	0	456 ± 2
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	54	Ar	70	5.7	8.2	0.5	-	2.9 ± 0.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	55	650 N₂	70	5.8	8.1	0.5	0	2.7 ± 0.2	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	56	492 KNO₂ in O₂	70	6.9	9.2	23 ± 1	4.7	125 ± 9	410 ± 1	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	57	502 KNO₂ in N₂	70	6.1	9.2	71 ± 2	14	379.27	406 ± 1	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	58	511 KNO₃ in O₂	70	6.7	8.6	35	6.8	186 ± 13	13 ± 1	425 ± 2
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	59	486 KNO₃ in N₂	70	6.3	8.7	69 ± 2	14.2	370 ± 26	9.1 ± 0.7	424 ± 3
Fe	60	Ar	22	5.7	6.4	0.7	-	1.4	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	61	650 N₂	22	5.8	6.6	0.7	0	1.4	n.a.	n.a.
Fe	62	541KNO₂ in O₂	22	6.2	10.8	544 ± 6	100	1078 ± 66	0	0
Fe	63	549 KNO₂ in N₂	22	6.0	10.6	542 ± 5	99	1075 ± 66	0	0
Fe	64	529 KNO₃ in O₂	22	6.4	10.5	527 ± 4	100	1044 ± 64	0	0
Fe	65	521 KNO₃ in N₂	22	5.9	10.8	486 ± 5	93	963 ± 59	0	0
Ni	66	Ar	22	5.7	6.9	0.4	-	0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	67	650 N₂	22	5.8	5.6	0.4	0	0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Ni	68	541KNO₂ in O₂	22	6.2	10.6	422 ± 3	78	646 ± 77	0	0
Ni	69	549 KNO₂ in N₂	22	6.0	10.7	451 ± 5	82	690 ± 82	0	0
Ni	70	529 KNO₃ in O₂	22	6.4	10.2	139	26	213 ± 25	43	36
Ni	71	521 KNO₃ in N₂	22	5.9	10.1	364 ± 1	70	557 ± 66	1.2	22
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	72	Ar	22	5.7	6.3	0	-	0	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	73	650 N₂	22	5.8	6.3	0	0	0	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	74	541 KNO₂ in O₂	22	6.2	6.8	1.4	0.3	3.9 ± 0.1	553 ± 2	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	75	549 KNO₂ in N₂	22	6.0	7.7	1.1 ± 0.1	0.2	3.1 ± 0.1	556	0
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	76	529 KNO₃ in O₂	22	6.4	7.2	0.8	0.2	2.1 ± 0.1	0	526 ± 1
Ni₅₀Fe₅₀	77	521 KNO₃ in N₂	22	5.9	7.3	1	0.2	2.7 ± 0.1	0	523 ± 2
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	78	Ar	22	5.7	6.9	0	-	0	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	79	650 N₂	22	5.8	6.6	0	0	0	n.a.	n.a.
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	80	541 KNO₂ in O₂	22	6.2	9.4	3 ± 0.1	0.6	16 ± 1	515 ± 2	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	81	549 KNO₂ in N₂	22	6.0	9.3	1.9 ± 0.1	0.4	10 ± 1	539 ± 3	0
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	82	529 KNO₃ in O₂	22	6.4	8.9	0	0	0	0	493 ± 1
Ni₈₁Fe₁₉	83	521 KNO₃ in N₂	22	5.9	9.0	1.9 ± 0.1	0.4	10 ± 1	0	482

"n.a." denotes "not analyzed, "-" not applicable. * denotes NH₄⁺ concentration formed in the experiment normalized to 1 m² of surface area of the metal/alloy. ** denote residual concentration after the experiment was completed.

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