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Table 2 Composition of natural waters and Marcellus Shale water (mg/L)

From: How long do natural waters “remember” release incidents of Marcellus Shale waters: a first order approximation using reactive transport modeling

Species

S aquifer [38, 43]

SG aquifer [18, 44]

River [45]

Marcellus Shale water [46]

pH

7.40

7.44

7.37

6.90

Br

2.02 × 10−2

2. 00 × 10−2

1.29 × 10−2

1.87 × 102

Cl

7.99 × 100

5.89 × 100

8.20 × 100

2.92 × 104

SO4

9.98 × 10−1

1.39 × 101

1.54 × 101

6.60 × 100

Al

2.00 × 10−1

Ba

1.20 × 10−1

1.60 × 10−1

2.14 × 10−1

1.01 × 103

Cd

4.98 × 10−2

Ca

4.24 × 101

3.62 × 101

1.57 × 101

1.59 × 103

Cu

2.50 × 10−1

Fe

1.00 × 10−1

5.00 × 10−2

5.99 × 10−2

3.44 × 101

Pb

1.00 × 10−2

1.00 × 10−2

1.00 × 10−2

3.00 × 10−2

Mg

1.64 × 100

6.98 × 100

3.07 × 100

1.50 × 102

Mn

6.00 × 10−3

6.00 × 10−3

1.02 × 100

K

2.80 × 100

1.27 × 100

9.01 × 10−1

6.40 × 102

Na

1.85 × 101

1.09 × 101

8.37 × 100

1.32 × 104

Sr

2.90 × 10−1

2.82 × 10−1

3.90 × 102

Zn

4.00 × 10−5

4.00 × 10−5

1.78 × 101

1.70 × 10−1

Alkalinity as \( {\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - } \)

1.77 × 102 a

1.49 × 102 a

9.88 × 101

2.45 × 102 b

  1. Water chemistry data are among the range of reported literature
  2. aAlkalinity (as \( {\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - } \)) was calculated based on equilibrium with calcite using CRUNCHFLOW and is in the range of reported value of 51–366 mg/L for sandstone aquifer water and of 85–195 mg/L for sand and gravel aquifer water
  3. bAlkalinity is directly from literature. Charges are balanced in all natural waters