Fig. 1

Ni distribution in forsterite. High-resolution photograph delineating the area of analysis (a); averaged µ-XRD spectra from points A–F (b); µ-XRF map (c); and the µ-EXAFS data obtained at the smaller white circle in the map along with Ni K-edge EXAFS of San Carlos Olivine [64] for comparison. This figure a–d was selected from Additional file 1: Figure S22 (“s20unt” region 4); the combination of microfocused techniques highlights the benefits of using multiple tools to analyze the same sample location. Here, the µ-EXAFS and µ-XRD spectra both indicate that Ni is located in forsterite, which is an olivine-series mineral